Rugs from China
It is commonly believed that China began producing rugs on a large scale during the Sung Dynasty, 960-1279AD. Production was governed by the ruling Emperors of the time. Before then, rug making was limited to a few provinces throughout the country, mainly bordering the Silk Road. Serving as household items and decorative pieces, they were originally tufted and made from wool, goat and/or camel hair. Later, silk was used and is now what is deemed as the most common material of traditional Chinese rugs. Although rugs were once considered an item for the peasants and “barbarians”, superior craftsmanship and high quality silk helped them become popular, and they found their way into the imperial court by the 19th century, where they still remain today.
Designs are based on cultural aspects or on religious elements, particularly related to Buddhism and Taoism. Traditional Chinese rugs feature patterns and motifs that are deeply symbolic. It is common that natural objects are used, such as flowers, clouds and a variety of animals, both real and mythical, all set against a plain background and surrounded by a thick border. In the centre of the rug may be a medallion. Most rugs feature complex designs that are symmetrically perfect.
Colouring is also of importance. Weavers often selected colours in an elegant pallet, using such popular shades as beige, blue and black. In China, directions may also be represented by colours, adding further symbolism (north = blue/green, east = red, south = white and yellow = west).
Like today's Chinese rugs, many in the past were produced for export in factories that had rigid quality standards. As a result, designs often appealed (and still commonly do) to foreign tastes. One of the best examples of Chinese rugs for export is the Chinese Art Deco style rug.
Art Deco, Chinese Style
Art Deco Chinese rugs were produced in the early to mid 1900s to appeal mainly to American tastes. This type of design was dominated by a floral motif in the corners of the rug set against a plain background with no border. Most rugs were made from wool.
